Deciding Which User Should Run Oracle ORAchk or Oracle EXAchk

2.3.1 Deciding Which User Should Run Oracle ORAchk or Oracle EXAchk

Run health checks as root. Also, run health checks as the Oracle Database home owner or the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home owner.

Most health checks do not require root access. However, you need root privileges to run a subset of health checks.

To run root privilege checks, Oracle ORAchk uses the script root_orachk.sh and Oracle EXAchk uses the script root_exachk.sh.

By default, the root_orachk.sh and root_exachk.sh scripts are created in the temporary directory, that is, $HOME used by Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk. Change the temporary directory by setting the environment variable RAT_TMPDIR.

For security reasons, create the root scripts outside of the standard temporary directory in a custom directory.

To decide which user to run Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk:

Specify the custom directory using the RAT_ROOT_SH_DIR environment variable.
```
export RAT_ROOT_SH_DIR=/orahome/oradb/
```
Specify a location for sudo remote access.
```
export RAT_ROOT_SH_DIR=/mylocation
```
Add an entry in the /etc/sudoers file.
```
oracle ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:/mylocation/root_orachk.sh
```
Note:

Specify full paths for the entries in the /etc/sudoers file. Do not use environment variables.
(recommended) Run Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk as root.

Use root user credentials to run Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk.

The Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk processes that run as root, perform user lookups for the users who own the Oracle Database home and Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. If root access is not required, then the Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk processes use the su command to run health checks as the applicable Oracle Database home user or Oracle Grid Infrastructure home user. Accounts with lower privileges cannot have elevated access to run health checks that require root access.

Running health checks as root has advantages in role-separated environments or environments with more restrictive security.
Run Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk as Oracle Database home owner or Oracle Grid Infrastructure home owner:
Use Oracle Database home owner or Oracle Grid Infrastructure home owner credentials to run Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk.

The user who runs Oracle ORAchk and Oracle EXAchk must have elevated access as root to run health checks that need root access.

Running health checks as Oracle Database home owner or Oracle Grid Infrastructure home owner requires multiple runs in role-separated environments. More restrictive security requirements do not permit elevated access.

There are several other options:
- Skip the checks that require root access.
- Specify the root user ID and password when prompted.
- Configure sudo.
  
  If you are using sudo, then add an entry for the temporary directory, $HOME in the /etc/sudoers file that corresponds to the user who is running the health checks.
  
  To determine what $HOME is set to, run the echo $HOME command.
  For example:
```
user ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:/root/.orachk/root_orachk.sh
```
```
user ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:/root/.exachk/root_exachk.sh
```
- Pre-configure passwordless SSH connectivity.